ПОСТАНОВКА И ПРАВИЛА ИГРЫ КРОКЕТЪ.
Рекомендую эту игру какъ одну изъ самыхъ занимательныхъ и новыхъ, составленную извѣстнымъ техникомъ капитаномъ Майнъ-Ридъ. Она замѣняетъ собою всякаго рода игры до настоящаго времени вышедшія, а также биксы и билліарды, она имѣетъ то преимущество предъ всѣми до сихъ поръ извѣстными играми: во 1-хъ что въ ней могутъ участвовать дѣти обоего пола и взрослыя, въ 2-хъ потому что можно въ Крокетѣ играть въ комнатахъ на столахъ малыхъ и большихъ, въ публичныхъ собраніяхъ: то-есть садахъ, рощахъ и поляхъ, и эта игра Крокетъ можетъ быть въ большомъ размѣрѣ и замѣнять гимнастическія упражненія. Въ Европѣ она принята во всѣхъ главныхъ городахъ, на примѣръ, въ Англіи она распространена во всѣхъ обществахъ и введена во всѣхъ большихъ школахъ, какъ на примѣръ въ Итонѣ (Еtоn) и вытѣснила совершенно такъ долго существовавшую тамъ игру Крикетъ; въ эту игру играютъ 8 человѣкъ а если играютъ нечетное число персонъ, то каждый можетъ взять и по два шара.
№ 1-й. Кольца или ворота и столбы ставятся какъ значится на рисункѣ прилагаемомъ.
№ 2-й. Для сей игры изобрѣтены шары за нумерами и разнаго цвѣта названія, и именно: 1-й главный шаръ, которымъ начинается игра, бѣлаго цвѣта подъ названіемъ Орелъ, 2-й желтаго подъ именемъ Сокола, 3-й красный — Лебедка, 4-й зеленый – Кукушка, 5-й чернаго — Сова, 6-й розоваго — Милая половина, 7-й Ударъ, 8-й Выигралъ – и такимъ образомъ, что первый игрокъ, которому будетъ предоставлено право открыть игру, и буде онъ по правиламъ съ мѣста назначенія для выпуска шара его не попадетъ къ центру, а обойдя всю окружность возвратится на прежнее мѣсто, не попадя въ центральную ямку противоположной стороны, то онъ, игрокъ, остается въ проигрышѣ.
№ 3-й. Игру открываетъ то первое лицо, которому будетъ предоставлено право съ обоюднаго согласія съ партнёрами.
№ 4-й. Игрокъ можетъ ударять свой шаръ устроеннымъ для сеи игры молоткомъ только одинъ разъ, а во второй разъ при его желаніи отыграться; но естьли за этимъ онъ остается опять при своемъ проигрышѣ, то долженъ предоставить игру прочимъ лицамъ, противное же лицо, которое своимъ правильнымъ дѣйствіемъ, по игрѣ пройдетъ своимъ шаромъ всѣ кольца, то остается при выигрышѣ.
№ 5-й. Игрокъ первый долженъ брать молотокъ и шаръ № 1-го и цвѣта какъ верхнія кольца перваго столба, а равно и первый игрокъ противной стороны беретъ также шаръ цвѣтомъ кольца 2-го столба и такъ распредѣляются всѣ (столбы) шары и ставить шары должно на два дюйма отъ столба или смотря по величинѣ билліарда и играютъ по направленію къ первому кольцу.
№ 6-й. Противной стороны игроки начинаютъ игру по сдѣланіи удара лицомъ № 1-го и по очереди то есть по нумерамъ.
№ 7-й. Что же касается до дугъ, въ которыя должны приходить шары, то цѣнность ихъ опредѣляется самими лицами въ игрѣ участвовавшими.
№ 8-й. Эта самая игра Крокетъ полезна и престарѣлымъ людямъ какъ для развлеченія а равно для поддержки силъ чрезъ упражненіе въ Крокетъ.
Второе изданіе съ дополненіемъ. Составилъ и издалъ Андрей Михайловъ ДОЙНИКОВЪ.
Оригинал текста (версии) капитана Майн-Рида 1864 года.
PREFACE
IT is not more than truth to say, that CROQUET is the most attractive pastime of the age; while, in point of intellectuality, it will dispute the palm with billiards or whist - perhaps even with that selfish duality, chess.
No doubt the zealous devotee of any of the above-mentioned games will question the honesty of this assertion ; but he must be indeed strongly wedded to the habits of this own spécialité, if, after being brought within reach of its influence, he do not surrender to the seductions of the charmer, - Croquet.
In sober earnest, there are many points in which this game stands preëminent ; and were it our purpose to prove its preeminence, the task would be easy of accomplishment. The quick growth of its popularity still constantly and rapidly increasing - is proof of the superior attractiveness of the game ; and may justify the prediction, that croquet is destined, at no distant day, to become, not only the national sport of England, but the pastime of the age.
Unlike the games already mentioned, it is a sport of the open air, and therefore highly conducive to health ; while it has the advantage of most other out-door amusements, in affording an easy exercise to the body, without, requiring the violent muscular exertion which renders many of these objectionable.
Neither is the mind neglected in the play of this accommodating pastime. Its rules arc so varied, yet so rational, that the intellect is constantly kept on the alert, summoned to a painful stretch, and never allowed to subside into an equally painful inaction.
It is adapted to people of all ages, and every condition, The child just entering upon the walk of life, and the old man tottering toward its end, may play a “round” of Croquet, with equally childish delight.
Nor is its skill exclusive to either sex. The, pretty mignon, foot, piquantly encased in kid, may exhibit as much power in the play, as the thick-soled chaussure of calfskin. Ah! we might name more than one fair owner of such provoking feet who could send you, - per croquet, - to “Hong Kong” or “up the country” with as much velocity, as if you had been projected ex pede Hercul-is.
Though hitherto restricted to the lawn of the lordly mansion, and confined within the palings of the park, “croquet” will, erelong, escape from aristocratic keeping, and become equally the property of the paddock and the village green.
Let us hope that no class-jealousy will arise to prevent its spread, or lessen its attractiveness, to those who were the first to introduce and envoy it. Croquet is an innocent amusement, a game of true civilizing influences. While deserving every epithet of praise, worthy of hero designated the “king of games,” the “queen of sports,” or the “prince of pastimes," - let us hope that it may also become a pastime of the people.
Rejoicing in this hope, I neither feel reluctance, nor make apology, for putting myself forward as its advocate and expounder.
MAYNE REID
The Ranche,
Gerard’s Cross, Bucks.
Chapter I.
The Slang.
CROQUET. - The title of the game.
CROQUETERIE. - The implements, viz. :- Balls, bridges, mallets, and stakes.
ROQUET. - A ball makes "roquet" when, proceeding from a blow of the mallet, it comes in contact with another ball.
RE-ROQUET. - To roquet the same ball twice, without any intervening action of the play.
THE CROQUET. - A ball having made roquet on another, is taken up, and placed in contact with the ball on which it has roque'd. The player sets foot upon the former ; presses firmly, so as to hold it in place ; and, with a blow of the mallet, drives the roque'd ball in whatever direction may be desired.1
ROQUET-CROQUET, OR CROQUET SANS PIED. - A ball having made roquet is taken up ; placed contiguous to the roque'd ball ; and, without being held under the foot, is struck by the mallet, and driven - as also the roque'd ball - in the direction desired.1
RICOCHET. - A ball making roquet on two or more balls, by the same blow of the mallet.3
CONCUSSION. - The displacement of a ball by another, driven against it by roquet, croquet, ricochet, or roquet-croquet ; and not hit directly, either by the mallet or the playing ball.
A BLOW. - The stroke of the mallet.
A PUSH. - When the player presses the ball forward with the mallet, instead of giving it a blow.4
A POINT. - Making a success, viz. :- a point in the game.
A DOUBLE- POINT. - Two points made by the same blow of the mallet.
A FLUKE. - When a point is made not due to the skill of the player
A FLINCH. - When the ball in the act of “croquet,” at the blow of the mallet, glides from under the foot of the player.
A TOUR OF PLAY. - Is the turn given to each player. It continues so long as a point is made, and terminates with a failure.
THE ARENA. - The space enclosed within the boundaries of the croquet ground.5
THE SPOT. - The point from which the play commences.
THE STARTING STAKE. - The stake from which the play proceeds - placed proximate to the spot, at the lower end of the arena.
THE TURNING STAKE. - The stake set opposite to the starting stake, and near the upper end of the arena.
THE FOOT. - That part of the arena contiguous to the starting stake.
THE HEAD. - That put of the arena contiguous to the turning stake.
THE FLANKS. - The sides of the rectangle - or of whatever figure play have been chosen for the croquet-ground. They are right and left.6
THE CENTRE. - The central part of the arena.
CENTRAL BRIDGES. - Those in a line between the two stakes. They are upper and lower.
FLANK BRIDGES. - Those upon the flanks - also denominated right and left.
THE FRONT OF A BRIDGE - is that side, from which the player must proceed, in passing through or running it.
THE BACK OF A BRIDGE. - The side reverse to the front.7
AN OBLIQUE BRIDGE. - A bridge, the plane of whose arch is not perpendicular to the horizon, or to the course of play.
A PROPER BRIDGE. - That which the player intends to pass through, is his, or her, proper bridge, for the time.
RUNNING A BRIDGE. - When a ball has been driven through the arch of its proper bridge, either by a blow of the mallet, by roquet, croquet, ricochet, concussion or roquet-croquet, it is said to run that bridge.8
RUEING A BRIDGE. - When a ball, struck by the mallet fails to reach the bridge at which it has been played, it is said to rue it.
OVERRUNNING A BRIDGE. - When a ball, struck by the mallet rolls past, and not through the bridge at which it has been played, it, is said to overrun it.
TOLLING THE STAKE. - A ball struck against the turning stake by mallet, roquet, ricochet, concussion, croquet, or roquet-croquet, at its proper time, - that is, after having run the central and left flank bridges upward, - is said to toll or pay toll to the stake.
STRIKING OUT. - A ball struck against the starting stake by mallet, roquet, ricochet, concussion, croquet, or roquet-croquet after having run all the bridges - the central ones in both directions - and tolled the turning-stake, is struck out, that is, out of the game.
THE GRAND ROUND. - The “grand round” consists in duly running all the bridges, - the central ones in both directions, - tolling the turning stake in its proper time, and returning to the spot, whence the player may either strike out, or continue play.
HALF ROUND. - Having reached the point, where the turning ; stare is to be tolled.
THE COURSE. - The direction taken by the ball on its round.
POSITION. - A ball is in position when it lies in front of its proper bridge, with a possibility of running it by a single blow of the mallet and out of position, when the contrary is the case.9
MAKING POSITION. - Making roquet, or ricochet., on a ball already in position.
A FRIEND. - A partner in the game.
AN ENEMY. - An adversary.
A SIDE. - A set of partners, or friends.
HELPING A FRIEND. - Roque’ing, or croque’ing a friend's ball into position ; causing it to run a bridge, toll the turing stake, or otherwise forwarding it on its round.
SPOILING AN ENEMY. - Striking an enemy's ball out of position, by roquet, croquet, ricochet, concussion, or roquet-croquet, and so retarding it on its round.
ATTACKING. - Playing at an enemy's ball for the purpose of spoiling it.
NURSING. - Croque'ing a ball - either friend or enemy - through, or around, its own proper bridge then running the bridge ; roque'ing and croque’ing the same ball again ; and so proceeding on the round.10
CLIMBING ON THE SCAPE-GOAT. - Roque'ing a ball into a better position for the player ; so that the roque'ing ball may get in front of its own proper bridge, or obtain some other advantage of position.
THE CORNERS. - The points of passage between the lines of flank and central bridges.
TURNING A CORNER. - Proceeding from the flank to the central bridges, or vice versâ ; and running one or more of both in the same tour of play.11
A BOOBY. - A ball that has attempted to run the first bridge, and either rues or overruns it.
A BRIDGED BALL. - A ball that has run the first bridge.
THE LEADING BALL. - The ball played first from the spot.
A ROVER. - A ball that has made the grand round.
MARSHALLING THE SIDES. - Making the match.
CHIEFS. - The players selected to marshall the sides.
STRIKING FOR FIRST CHOICE. - The chiefs “strike” for first choice of friends, by playing a ball at the starting stake from between the piers of bridge No. 1 ; whoever places the ball nearest to the stake has the choice.12
A DEAD BALL. - A rover struck against the startling stake, and therefore struck out of the game.
VICTORY. - When all of a side succeed in strikinq out.
“UP THE COUNTRY.” - A ball croque'd beyond the boundaries is sent to “Hong Kong” or “up the country.” The owner, with an indifferent grace, stands gazing after it ; and the journey, required to bring it back within the arena, is usually performed with an air of the most profound melancholy, not unmingled with chagrin!
1 The operation of “croque’ing,”" or cracking the balls, being one of the most, important in the play, has given its title to the game. It is usual for the player while holding the ball under foot, to rest the heel upon the ground. This is a matter of choice ; as is also the foot to be used. Either will answer the requirements of the game.
2 Upon some croquet-grounds this operation is, called “taking two turns” – the playing ball, after making a collision, having the right to continue it play. This appellation, however, is as little rational as it is euphonious: since the croquet itself possess the same privilege.
Roquet-croquet is simply a croquet, without the without the interposition of the foot. As will be in the “Rules,” it is only allowable under certain circumstances.
3 Similar to the “cannon” in billiards.
4 Among some croquet-players the “push” is considered an undue advantage. It is only an advantage to beginners : as pushing a billiard ball might be to an inexperienced billiard player. Let the beginner have the choice. A “crack” croquet player will never covet the push.
5 For a fuller explanation of this, and several succeeding phrases, see Chapters II., III., and IV.
6 Not in reference to the head and foot of the arena, but to the position of the players, when standing by the starting stake, with their faces turned toward the ground.
7 The flank bridges have but one front ; as the ball is required to pass through them only in one direction. The central ones, on the contrary, have to be run both ways ; and their front, at any time, is determined by the ball’s position in the game. The left flank bridges front toward the foot of the ground, the right ones in the opposite direction, or toward its head.
8 As will be found by the “Rules,” passing through a bridge in any other way round than those mentioned above is not considered running it.
9 The position is good or bad, according to the distance and direction of the bridge from the ball.
10 Nursing is a species of play especially provoking to the “enemy”.
11 This can only be accomplished by climbing on the scape-goat, or making roquet or ricochet, on a ball already in position.
12 Equivalent to “stringing” in billiards. The chief who gains the strike has also the option of playing.
Chapter II.
The Ground.
ALMOST any piece of level lea land will serve as an arena for the play of Croquet.1
A correct croquet-ground will be perfectly horizontal plane, without any obliquity or unevenness.2
The turf should be of the smoothest that can be obtained, with the grass carefully out, and the moss killed out of it.3
The ground should be frequently rolled - and with the heaviest of rollers - until the surface become thoroughly hard and firm.4
The ground should be chosen within the precincts of the shrubbery, and not, upon the open lawn.5
The shape of a croquet-ground, - that is, the arena, should be that of an a oblong square or rectangle.6
The dimensions of a croquet ground depend a good deal upon the character of the surface. Where the turf is unexceptionable, the arena should be a rectangle, of thirty yards in length by about twenty in breadth.7
The boundaries should be marked, either by a slight line traced upon the turf, a trench or a parapet.8
One of the shorter sides of the rectangle becomes the base, and is denominated the foot.9
The opposite end of the arena is the head ; and the play is upward or downward, as it proceeds from the foot to the head, or vice versa.
The sides of the rectangle are the flanks, - denominated right and left.10
The corners of the croquet-ground are the four corners of the rectangular figure forming the arena.11
The centre is the centre of whatever figure many have been adopted for the arena. If the shape be oval, it is the point midway between the two centres of the ellipse. If a circle, it is the circle’s true centre. In a square or rectangle, it is the point of intersection of the two diameters ; and if the figure be irregular, its centre will be the point if bisection of the straight line lying between the two stakes.12
1 Many people are deterred from entering upon the game of croquet, under the impression, that they have not ground suitable for the play. In most cases this idea is erroneous. There are few cottage dwellings in England, either rural or suburban, that cannot command a croquet ground, from a plot of grass-turf already established, or the easy means of making one. By judicious arrangement of the bridges, croquet may be played upon a piece of ground not larger than the floor of a good-sized dining-room.
2 If the perfect level is not obtainable, and the surface be oblique, or undulating, the play is still possible, though not so pleasant. The player will take into calculation the declivities of the ground ; and, as this calls forth an extra display of skill, it is questionable whether a croquet ground of sloping surface may not afford as good sport as one that is horizontal. At all events, both parties to the play will be equally affected by any imperfection of this kind ; and therefore neither can have cause to complain of a disadvantage.
3 The same remark applies to a rough surface, as to one that is sloping. The play is still possible, but not so pleasant.
4 Hardness is one of the essential qualities of a croquet-ground. Where the surface is soft and yielding, either from the nature of the soil, or from being overgrown with moss, not only are the balls impeded in their progress, but that one upon which the foot rests while making the croquet, gets pressed into the ground, so as to make it necessary to take it up, and dress the spot, before proceeding with the play.
5 Croquet is a game of the parterre rather than the pasture ; and as it must needs be frequently played under a hot sun, the shade of the copse should be convenient. In winter too - for croquet is a game for all seasons - the shrubbery affords shelter.
The only objection to having the croquet-ground within the shrubbery is the difficulty of there finding a sufficient space of grass-grown surface. Some ornamental shrub or trice is too highly prizes to sacrifice even to the charming game of croquet!
Let such trees stand for the present. The time is not distant, when they will be transplanted, or cut down ruthlessly and without remorse yes, flung into the fire as faggots - to make way for this sweet pastime - itself to be cherished, as if it were the tree of life!
6 It is not absolutely en rigueur that this should be its shape. The square, circle, or ellipse, will answer equally well - the ellipse even better, but the rectangular form is preferred, as being the most convenient.
If the turfed surface be not large enough to admit any of the regular figures, of sufficient size, the arena may be of irregular shape, having for boundaries, the edges of walks, borders of flower-beds, &c.
Benches may be placed for the spectators ; but it should be a grand forfeit for a player to use them. The sedentary pose conduces to neglect of the play - a crime not to be tolerated, either in friend or enemy.
7 The dimensions given will be found to answer well upon perfectly level ground, where the turf is smooth and carefully kept. Otherwise the size of the arena – as well as the distance between the bridges, may be reduced. The breadth of a croquet ground is of much less importance than its length, and admits of greater variation according to circumstances.
8 If the arena be an irregular figure, or one improvised for the occasion,the boundary lines may be agreed upon by the players, without being actually traced out. On the other hand, if it be intended to have a permanent croquet-ground (and who is there without such intention?) then its boundary should be marked out by one of the modes suggested. Either the trench or parapet is preferable to the simple line, as both serve to prevent the balls from being driven to an inconvenient distance “up the country.” The trench need not be more than a few inches in depth, by eighteen or twenty in breadth ; while the parapet – which is a simple embankment of earth – may be turfed, or otherwise made ornamental.
9 Usually that lying nearest to the dwelling.
10 In reference to the position of any one standing at the foot, and facing toward the arena ; when the right flank is that to the right hand, the left being, of course, on the opposite side of the ground.
11 These are not to be mistaken for the “corners” spoken of in the chapter on THE SLANG. The latter are the points of passage from flank to central bridges, and vice versa on THE ARRANGEMENT.
12 In actual play this point is of no importance. It is altogether imaginary ; and is introduced only as an aid to the comprehension of the rules and instructions.
Chapter III.
The Croqueterie.
The implements required for the game of croquet - the “Croqueterie” – are BALLS, MALLETS, BRIDGES, and STAKES.1
THE BALLS. -In a complete set of Croqueterie there are eight.2
They should be perfectly spherical.
The correct size is a circumference of 10 inches ; or, if the wood be heavy, still less. Larger than this, the ball becomes an unmanageable affair.
The best wood for a croquet ball is that which is lightest and at the same time least likely to split. Any of the hard woods, as oak, ash, elm, or beech, will do provided they be turned under a circumference of 10 inches. Otherwise, they be too heavy ; for the simple reason that the violent blow, required to propel them over the turf, interferes with the skill of play.
For the same reason boxwood is even less suitable ; and lignum-vitæ least of all.3
Willow is sufficiently light ; but possesses the serious defect of being easily split, and also dinted by the blows of the mallet.
Sycamore (Acer pseudo-platanus) is of the proper specific gravity ; and, provide it be the heart-wood of an old tree, and not the sap-wood of a young one, will be found the best material for a croquet-ball. It is liable to get dinted, like the willow ; but if not abused, - that is, struck with too much violence, until it has become hardened to the play, - the marks will be make regularly all over it, and it will in time recover its original rotundity.
Sap-wood of chestnut is nearly, if not quite, equal to the sycamore ; and either one or the other may be depended upon, as a proper material for a croquet-ball.
Let your balls, then, be of sycamore, or light chestnut, each exactly 10 inches in circumference.
Paint them of as many colors as there are balls. The more vivid the color, the prettier will be the effect upon the greensward, and the pleasanter the play.4
The balls are designated by their respective colors: as red, blue, green, &c. ; and the player of each adopts the designation of the ball.5
THE MALLETS, like the balls, are eight in number.6
It is essential to have then of a particular size and shape, both as to the head and shank.
The head should be four inches in length, and cylindrical, though not an exact cylinder, but rather the shape of a dice-box.
At either end it should have a circumference of seven inches, exactly ; and the ends should be slightly convex on their facings.7
The mallet-head should proceed from the lathe of the turner ; and may be ornamented by circular lines traced out with the chisel ; but these should be sparingly used.
The shank should also be turned ; and of just that thickness to be conveniently grasped by the delicate fingers of a lady. It should be slightly rounded off at the upper end ; and decrease gradually in diameter, to its position of insertion into the head. A circumference of 2¾ inches at the handle, is a proper thickness for a mallet-shank. It may also be ornamented by circular tracings ; but these should be of the slightest ; and all deep flutings, or inequalities, are to be avoided.8
The shank of the mallet should be perfectly straight, as without this a true blow cannot be given. In fact, straightness is a quality as essential to a croquet mallet, as to a billiard cue. A crooked stick should be plucked out, and replaced by a true one.
The length of the mallet is a matter of importance. It should be (head and shank measured together) exactly two feet six inches. Even shorter than this may be used with advantage ; but, if longer, the upper end will be found an impediment, by its coming in contact with the arm of the player, and thus destroying both the aim and impetus of the blow.9
The wood out of which the mallets are to be made must have weight, - the opposite quality to that required by the balls. In fact, the weight of the former should be in proportion to that of the latter, not inversely, but direct. A heavy ball will require a heavy mallet to propel it ; and the converse is equally true.
Both the head and the shank of the mallet may be made out of the same sort of timber ; or they may be of two different kinds. Ash, though not an elegant, is an excellent wood for either, possessing the necessary requisites of weight, strength, and toughness. Box may be used by those who prefer a more polished implement ; since its great weight – the very quality which renders this wood ill-fitted for the ball – adapts it to the mallet.10
THE BRIDGES. - There are ten bridges to a set of croqueterie.11
They are simple constructions, and may be built by any one. They consist of pieces of iron rod, sharpened at both ends, and bent into the shape of an arch.
At each end, six or eight inches of the rod should be left straight, to form the piers of the arch when the bridge is erected. This is done by inserting the sharpened ends into the turf and driving them in firmly.
A rod of three feet in length will form a proper bridge, giving a span of about twelve inches.12
The iron rod, of which the bridges are made, may either be round or square ; but it should be of sufficient thickness to guard against be broken or twisted out of shape when trodden upon. Strong wire is sometimes used for the construction of the bridges ; but it is more subject to the drawback mentioned. Round iron-rod, of three-eights or three-tenths of an inch diameter, will be found to answer admirably.13
THE STAKE. - The stakes are two in number, respectively denominated the starting and turning stake.
It is of no importance what sort of material they are made of, whether wood or iron.
They should be about the thickness of a mallet-shank ; if of wood, turned in the lathe, and sharpened at one end, so as to be easily driven into the turf. They should not be over two feet in length, as when standing taller they may interfere with the action of the players.
The starting stake should have eight rings painted around it, their edges contiguous to each other, and all of different colors, corresponding to the colors of the eight balls.14
It will be a further advantage to have the turning stake painted in a similar fashion ; but care must be taken that the succession of colors be the same on both.15
Such, then, are the implements of the game yelept the “Croqueterie.”16
Before closing this chapter, a special remark is required upon the subject of the croqueterie.
It is not too much to say, that half the pleasureof the game consists in playing with the proper implements.
There is an idiosyncrasy (if we may be allowed the expression) in croquet balls and mallets, a positive necessity as to size, shape, and weight, just as there is the cue and ball for billiards, or the bat and ball of the cricket-ground ; and every departure from the correct standard detracts from the interest of the game.
Many incipient players of croquet, who might otherwise have imbibed a passion for this pastime, have had their interest chilled into indifference, even to forsaking it altogether, for no other reason, than that, of having been provide with implements unsuited to its play.17
With the huge, unwieldy weapons, now in general use, a true, scientific stroke is impossible. So, too, is the carrying out of any of those, cunning combinations, that form the intellectuality of the play, and in which the game of croquet is specially abundant, - in such points, certainly not yielding to billiards, and, perhaps, not even to chess."18
1 Usually termed a “set of croquet things ; ” a title sufficiently discriminate, but scarce sufficiently technical.
2 The full set are only used when eight players take part in the game. Four players may also use eight balls, each taking two ; but when only four players enter the arena, the game will be much better with the like number of balls. As a rule, when there are two to four players, four balls should be taken ; when three, or six, six balls ; and when eight enter the game, of course, the full number must be used. Croquet does not contemplate five or seven players ; though either of these numbers may be admitted, by one of the players taking two balls.
3 Hitherto, large boxwood balls have been the most fashionable ; for what reason is difficult to say. They are simply a stupid monstrosity, no more adapted to the game of croquet than a ball of gold, or a ten-pound shot, to the play of billiards. Their presence upon the croquet-ground may, perhaps, be explained by their superior beauty ; a little perhaps, by the superior profit arising from their sale ; but more than all, by an utter innocence of all knowledge of the game on the part of the toy-makers, who have introduced them
4 The painted balls are, perhaps, quite as pretty as those either of boxwood or lignum-vitæ, - especially after these have been some time in use, and have lost their shining surface. Objections may be made to the paint, as liable to flake off. If properly laid on, it will last a long time ; moreover, nothing is easier than to renew it.
5 This is a very convenient practice: since a match of croquet is often played by people – not only thitherto, but thenceforth – strangers to each other.
6 This number is even less absolute for the mallets than for the balls. In case of dire necessity, a less number would suffice ; but for convenience, it is proper that each player be provided with a mallet.
7 Some prefer the facings flat. A compromise may be effected by having one end flat, and the other convex ; though this fashion will interfere with the true balance of the implement.
8 Croquet mallets are generally seen with a few inches of the shank painted, at the point of its junction with the head. The design is, that each player should use a mallet, corresponding to the color of the ball. The idea is ingenious, but idle ; and something worse ; since it is a source of trouble in the distribution of the implements, not unfrequently leading to confusion. The identification of the mallets – after they have been once appropriated by the respective players – is of no consequence whatever.
9 Most of the mallets in use are much larger than the dimensions above given. Those who manufacture them are evidently unacquainted with the game of croquet. It only needs running through a single round, to become convinced of the superiority of the short-shanked mallets Those in possession of the long shanks may easily have them razeed, by simply plucking them out, sawing off the requisite number of inches from the smaller, and restoring them to the socket.
10 If boxwood mallets be used, the dimensions above given must be strictly adhered to, else they will be altogether too unwieldy. Those at present accompanying the boxwood balls are, like the latter, by far too heavy, each being quite a load for a lady to carry across the croquet-ground.
Beechwood shanks, much used in the cheaper sets of croqueterie, are worthless at any price. This wood will do well enough for the head ; but as a shank it is certain to become warped, a defect under all circumstances, to be shunned.
11 There may be twelve, or even more ; but ten is the number usually erected ; and ten are sufficient.
12 Should the croquet-ground be a small one, having a smooth well-kept surface, the span of the arch may be less than twelve inches.
13 In the more costly sets of “croqueterie,” the bridges are usually of bronze, or simple bronzed. Others are of black iron rod, which might be made prettier by painting. A still better plan has been adopted by one of the manufacturers, - that it, painting the bridges of different colors, so that no two of them are alike. This is an excellent idea ; as the color upon the bridge will be found to act as an aid to the memory, in recording the position of the players.
14 These rings are required as remembrancers, to prompt the players to the proper time for the taking their tour of play. The ring which stands highest on the stake proclaims that the ball of that color is to be played first ; the next below calls for the ball of its color ; and so on in succession. Thus when any ball has finished its tour, the one which should follow may be at once told by glancing at the Jacob’s rod.
15 In some set of croqueterie which we have seen, the rings are also painted on the mallet shanks near the point of insertion with the head ; so that the player, no matter how distant he may be from the stakes, may always tell the order of succession by simply glancing at the mallet.
16 Croquet-markers are sometimes employed, to record the positions of the players. There are several kinds of these “inventions,” all alike unless, all equally calculated to create confusion. The oft-repeated manipulation of these markers becomes a tiresome necessity. Besides, it is just as easy to recollect the situation of the ball as to attend to the shifting of the marker, and perhaps a trifle easier.
A croquet player, who takes any interest in the game, will remember the position of the ball, especially if provided with the painted bridges mentioned in the preceding note.
17 The cheapest set of“croquet things,” – that is, those sold at the lowest prices, - are certainly the best ; rather an anomaly in the economy of manufacturers. The reason is, that they are of smaller size and usually made of more suitable materials. By far the best we have yet seen are those in which the mallets are branded with a star and the name “Bernard and Co.” They are the nearest of any to the correct weight, shape, and size, and are those spoken of as having the bridges painted of different colors, and ringed arrangements on the shanks of the mallets.
18 It is not uncommon, upon the croquet-ground, to hear a preference expressed for large and heavy balls. Any individual so declaring him or herself may be safely set down as a “gringe” in the game of croquet.
Chapter IV.
The Arrangement.
The arena having been chosen, and its boundaries marked out, it remains only to set the stakes and bridges.1
The former are to be considered first.
The position of the starting stake will be within the arena, at least ten feet from that boundary constituting its base or foot, and midway between the flanks.
The turning stake holds a similar position to the head of the arena : that is, midway between the flanks, and at least ten feet from the head.2
The stakes once planted, the positions of the bridges can be determined without much trouble.
The central ones - which are Nos. 1, 2, and 6, 7 - should be in a line, - that is, the straight line lying between the stakes, with their planes perpendicular to it.3
Their distances from the stakes and from each other should be as follows :- No. 1, 10 feet from the starting stake; No. 2, a like distance from. No. 1; while 7 and 6 should be respectively 10 feet and 20 feet from the turning stake.
The distance between 2 and 6 remains indefinite; and will be greater, or less, according to the length of the arena.4
The flank bridges are ruled by those of the centre. Nos. 3 and 10 should be in the same plane with No. 2; one on each flank, at equal distances from it, and midway between it and the side boundaries of the arena.5
Bridges 5 and 8 should be in the same plane with No. 6, - one upon each flank, and at the distance from it as 3 and 10 are from 2. This will bring 3 in the same longitudinal line with 5, and 8 with 10.
A bridge placed midway between each pair of the latter, will complete the arrangement. These last will be Nos. 4 and 9; and they will be in the same plane with each other.6
The bridges and stakes having been set in the manner described, there are four points that deserve special mention. They are the corners; so called, not in reference to the figure of the ground, but to the round of play. They are the points of passage, from the central to the flank bridges, and vice versâ.
There are four of them :- the first lying between bridges 2 and 3; the second between 5 and 6; the third between 6 and 8 ; and time fourth and last bridges 10 and 2.7
The Spot, though first regarded in the game as the point from which the play takes its departure, is the last to be determined in the arrangement. It is a point in the line, between the starting stake and bridge No. 1, one mallet’s length from the former. It needs no further definition.8
1 Once properly placed, it is better to leave them so than risk an irregular arrangement, by taking them up for the mere purpose of housing them. Both stakes and bridges will stand exposure. Both should be firmly set to withstand any collision of the balls.
Hitherto, the arrangement of the bridges has been subject a good deal to caprice, and a great deal of misconception. It is true that many modes may be adopted, and still the game of croquet will retain most of its peculiar charms. For the sake of variety, or novelty, an occasional change may be admitted; but the original arrangement will be found the best; and any permanent departure from it must be regarded in the light of a retrograde radicalism.
2 The distance of the stakes, from head and foot boundaries, is a point of great importance, though one that is generally disregarded. A ball passing over the boundary, by the rules of the game, can be brought back
3 If it be desired to get them very exact, a ready method will be obtained by stretching a piece of string between the two stakes, an planting the bridges over it.
4 In a croquet-cground of 30 yards long, with the measurements as above, the distance between bridges 2 and 6 would be 30 feet. Where the ground is less than 30 yards in length, of course the distance becomes reduced; but it is desirable to have bridges 2 and 6 as far apart as possible. The end may be obtained by setting the other bridges a little closer, or placing the stakes nearer to the boundary lines.
5 This is supposing the arena to have a breadth of 20 yards, in which case the line of the flank bridges will be 15 feet from that of the central ones. If the ground be narrow, then it will be necessary to place the flank bridges nearer to the boundary lines, as it is desirable to have them as distant as possible from the central ones. It is also of importance that they should not approach too near to the boundaries, hence the advantages of having the arean at least 20 yards in width, or wider, if the ground will admit of it.
6 The space between each pair of the flank bridges being rules by the distance from Nos. 2 to 6 – of which it is the half – is, like the latter, indefinite. It is of no consequence that there should be an exact amount of feet between each two, so long as they are sufficiently apart.
7 In the arrangement set forth in the scant system of “Rules” propounded by the toy-makers, there are no corners. The upper and lower flank bridges – instead of being respectively in the panes of the inner central ones – are so placed that it is possible, during the same tour of play, to proceed from one line and through the other without “climbing the scape-goat,” or the intervention of any other advantage.
As the turning of the corners is, in truth, one of the most ingenious contrivances of the game of croquet, - its performance a feat of genuine skill, - it will be easily perceived, that the plan laid down must be , so far, superior to any other.
8 The Spot may be either marked out on the turf, or left to measurement. Hence the advantage of determining it at one mallet’s length from the stake, since this implement – always ready in the hands of the player - can easily be applied to the ground. There is a “rule” in common use, which places the spot 12 inches from the starting stake. The sapient propounder of this regulation could never have played the first stroke in a game of croquet; or, doing so, he must have pushed his ball!
Chapter V.
The Programme.
The arrangement – we may term it the mis en scène – having being accomplished, let us look over the programme of the play.
The game of croquet is open to any number of players, up to eight. Even ten or twelve might take part in it, by using extra balls. The rules of the game, in all cases, remain the same, but the interests of the play will vary according to the number of players, and in a kind of inverse ratio, diminishing as the latter is increased. A match of more than eight would prolong the play, beyond what might be termed a “reasonable time.”1
When eight players enter the lists, it is usual to play as friends, four and four to a side ; but the arrangement of four sets or sides, of two friends each, is equally admissible.
Seven players may go through the game, as if there were eight, by some one of either side taking the extra ball, and playing it in proper tour.2
When six enter, the play may be arranged either into two sides of three, or three of two ; each player, as in the game of eight, taking a single ball.
If there be only five players upon the ground, the odd one may be omitted, by the introduction of an extra ball, as above directed, thus constituting a set of six.3
The game of four may be played with eight balls, each player taking an extra ball and playing it in its proper tour. It is then simply the game of eight ; and, like the latter, may be arranged into two sides of four, or four of two.4
Three players may either play the game of four, by one of them taking the extra ball, or of six, by each taking two balls.
When there are only two players upon the ground, it becomes simply a game of four, - each taking two balls, and playing them alternately.5
Whatever be the number of players, the object of each is to make the grand round, and strike out against the starting stake, by the accomplishment of which feat, the “victory” is obtained.6
The course of the ball in making the grand round is, first, from the spot, through bridges 1 and 2 upwards ; then to the left flank in front of 3 ; thence through 3, 4, and 5 ; thence back to the line of the centre in front of 6 ; thence through 6 and 7, making the half-round.
The stake is next tolled ; after which the ball runs back through 7 and 6, downwards, or in a direction contrary to its previous course.
Having rerun 7 and 6, it crosses over to front of the right flank bridges, their front being reverse to that of those on the left. It then runs 8, 9, and 10, downwards ; crosses again to the centre line above 2 ; and reruns 2 and 1 towards the starting stake.
It has thus completed the grand round ; and, being once more placed upon the spot, has the option, either of striking out or continuing the play, with the privileges of the Rover.7
Before entering upon a game of croquet, there are certain preliminary points that deserve attention. Of these the most important is making the match.8
Out of the company intended to take part in the play, two chiefs should be chosen.9
Each chief takes a ball, - any ball, - places it between the piers of bridge No. 1, and, with a blow of the mallet, drives it in the direction of the starting stake ; the object being to lay it as near as possible to the foot of the stake.
The other chief "strikes" in like fashion, and, when the operation is over, the ball that lies nearest to the stake wins the right to first choice of friends, as also the option to lead off in the play.10
The chief, who has thus obtained first choice out of the company, names a friend ; but only one at a time. The adversary has second choice, and also selects a friend. The third choice belongs to the victorious chief ; the fourth to the adversary ; and so on, till the sides are selected, when the match is considered made.
The chief, who leads the play, will now take up that ball, whose color is represented by the ring standing highest on the stake, and one of the mallets, - any one.11
The adversary must take the ball whose color comes next ; the third falls to the friend first chosen ; the fourth to the friend chosen by the adversary ; and so on, in alternate succession of friends and enemies, till all the balls have been appropriated.12
Each player being provided with a ball and mallet, then game may begin ; the play proceeding in the order of the colored rings upon the stake, from the top downwards.13
1 A game of eight players is sufficiently tedious. With ten or twelve it would be intolerable.
2 Many prefer the game of eight on account of the “company ; ” but these are not zealous players. With them croquet is only a pastime not a passion.
3 The game of six is much prized by many players. It has the advantage over that of eight in being more speedily got through with. Besides, the recurrence of each individual’s tour of play is more rapid, and the interval of inaction less trying to the patience.
4 Four players, each in his own account, unless by taking two balls apiece, cannot play the game of croquet in the proper manner. One of the players, unwatched by the rest, may “steal” out, and bring the play to an unexpected ending ; or, one may be made the victim of a combination of the other three ; and so retarded in his course that the most indifferent player of the party becomes the winner.
When four enter, they should play two and two, each with a single ball ; or, if it be desired to try the individual skill of the players, two balls each may be taken.
The game of four players, each with a single ball, and two and two to a side, is that relished by zealous croquet-players. It insures sufficient shortness, and furthermore provides against that irksome impatience, arising from too long interval between tours of play.
5 There is a croquet-player of still more zealous inclinings, who prefers this game to all others. To him a game with six players, or even four is a tedious trial – slow as the tread of the tortoise. Half-crazed about croquet, he is never easy in mind, with his mallet at rest, - perfectly happy when that implement is in action, cracking away at his own ball, or croque’ing that of his enemy. Enemies he rarely has. He does not want them. A single competitor is his choice ; the passion of his soul a good game of croquet. What to him is the company, players, or spectators? What to him are pretty feet, or provoking ankles? Nothing, or only a vexatious obstruction to his enjoyment of the play! A game of croquet, - a good game, - with two players, and four balls, is with him the ne plus ultra of sub-solitary enjoyment!
Perhaps this selfish fellow may be right. Perhaps the play of croquet, - like some other pastimes, - may be pleasantest as a jeu de deux!
6 As the victory is not declared, till all the friends of a side are stuck out, the act of striking out is usually delayed by each, until the last of that side has completed the grand round. The striking out of any individual ball – whilst ay of its friends are still far back in the game – is a serious loss, instead of a gain, to the side to which it belongs: more especially since the rover is endowed with certain privileges, which render him a valuable friend, or a formidable enemy.
7 Under certain circumstances at is not possible to make the grand round in a single tour of play ; but the individual, who can accomplish this feat, may be regarded as a “crack croquet player.” An ordinary player will take an dozen, perhaps a score, of tours to return to the starting-stake ; and even a good "hand" at croquet, will usually require a considerable number, to enable him to accomplish the desired end.
A ball in going its rounds meets with two distinct classes of interruptions, one voluntary, the other unavoidable. Of the former kind, there is the diverging from its course to attack an enemy by roquet and croquet, and spoil the latter's position ; ; or, by the same means to help on a friend. A ball may also voluntarily diverge from its course to place itself near a friend, so that the latter, when its tour comes on, may, by roque’ing upon it, make position.
The involuntary obstructions to the course of a ball are of various kinds, ---attempting the bridges, and failing to attain them ; passing without running them ; crossing at the corners, without, the possibility of turning them ; being roque'ed or croque’ed out of position ; played out of its proper tour, and duly challenged ; attempting to make a croquet, and failing in the attempt ; or permitted to “flinch” from under the foot of its player while in the act of croquet ; any of these contingencies will obstruct a ball in its round.
8 This might seem an easy accomplishment. In reality it is no so. When eight persons enter the arena, some of them being accomplished croquet-players, while others are entirely unacquainted with the game, it is of importance that they should be marshalled in such manner, as to make the two sides equal, or as near it as may be. To accomplish this, something more than chance must be trusted to ; and it is believed that the plan here put forward will conveniently answer the purpose.
9 Where it is intended to have more than two sides in the game, there will be a chief for every side or set of partners. The choice of chiefs may be made by general consent, - usually falling upon the two most noted players ; though this is a point of no importance whatever. The rôle of the chiefs is simply to “strike” for the choice of partners ; and may be performed by any player, whether a lady or gentleman. After the first tour of play, the chief is no longer distinguished from his or her followers.
10 It is of little importance which chief "strikes" first. The first has the advantage of placing his bal1 in the other's way- while the second has the chance of striking -it out of the way, and so getting nearest, to the stake. If there be any dispute, as to who should strike first, it may be settled by using only one ball, and marking the :spot where the first player may have succeeded in placing it.
11 It is of no importance that the painting on the shank of the mallet should correspond to the color of the ball. As observed in the chapter "Croqueterie” this ingenious idea begets confusion.
In appropriating the mallets, each player will endeavor to get hold of the one that is lightest ; but in the "stock" of croqueterie to be met with on most lawns, a mallet of sufficient lightness will be sought for in vain.
12 If there be only four players, or four balls, it will not lie absolutely necessary to look to the rings upon the stake. They are merely intended as prompters ; when, with a, large number of players, it is difficult to tell “whose tour cones next.” Even with only four in the game, they may be occasionally glanced at with advantage: more especially when the heavy forfeit for misplay is taken into consideration.
12 It will still further simplify the process of entering upon the game, if players appropriate the balls falling to the lot of each, at the time when the choice of friends is being made.
Chapter VI.
The Rules.
THE START.
1. The chief who has won the first choice of friends, has the right to lead off the play.1
2. The hostile chief plays next.2
3. The others enter upon the game, in the order in which they were marshalled by their respective chiefs, - friends and enemies playing alternately.
4. Each ball must first be placed on the Spot.
5. The stroke of the ball may be either a push, or a blow ; but only one hand is to be used in making it.3
6. Each ball continues its play, so long as it succeeds in making a point in the game ; and terminates it, on the failure to do so.4
THE BOOBY.
7. A booby cannot croquet another booby.
8. A booby cannot croquet a bridged ball.
9. A booby cannot be croque'd by a bridged ball.
10. A booby may displace another booby or a bridged ball by roquet, ricochet, or concussion.
11. A bridged ball may displace a booby by roquet, ricochet, or concussion.
12. If a booby be driven through the first bridge by roquet, ricochet, or concussion, either of another booby or a bridged ball, it becomes a bridged ball.
13. If a booby bridge another booby, and at the same blow succeed in running the first bridge, it may again roquet the ball it has bridged, croquet it, and continue.5
14. If a bridged ball succeed in bridging a booby, it may again make roquet, or ricochet upon it, and then croquet it.6
THE BRIDGES.
15. If a bridge be obliqued, either to the line of the course, or the plane of the horizon, any player may restore it to the perpendicular.7
16. No player may oblique a bridge, standing perpendicular ; nor change it from one oblique to another.
17. If a bridge be accidentally displaced by a stroke of the mallet, the foot of the player, the concussion of a ball, or otherwise, it is to be restored to its position without forfeit.
RUNNING THE BRIDGES.
18. A bridge can be run only by a direct blow of the mallet, by roquet, croquet, ricochet, concussion, or roquet-croquet.
19. If a ball proceeding from a direct blow of the mallet, or otherwise, strike against a bridge, stake, or other obstacle, and rebound through its proper bridge in the direction of the course, it runs it.8
20. If a ball, after running a bridge, strike an obstacle, and recoil back through the bridge, the run remains good.
21. A bridge is not run, unless the ball passes clear through so that no part of it remain under the arch.9
22. A ball resting under the arch of a bridge is in position for that bridge, if it have been driven between the piers from the front, or in the direction of the course.
23. A ball resting under the arch of a bridge is not in position for that bridge, if it have been driven between the piers from the reverse side, or placed under the arch by hand, for the purpose of making croquet.10
24. A ball passing through its proper bridge from the reverse side, or in a direction contrary to its course, makes no point in the game.
25. If a ball, in executing the croquet, flinch from under the foot of the player, and pass through its proper bridge in the direction of the course, it does not run the bridge.
26. A ball passing though any bridge, other than its proper one, in any direction, makes no point.
27. A ball, striking, or struck, against the piers of a bridge, makes no point
28. A ball may run two or more bridges by a blow of the mallet, by roquet, croquet, ricochet, concussion, or roquet-croquet.11
THE STAKES.
29. If either of the stakes be obliqued to the plane of the horizon, any player at any time may restore it to the perpendicular.
30. No player may oblique a stake standing perpendicular ; nor change one oblique to another.
31. The turning stake may be tolled, by a ball proceeding from a direct blow of the mallet, from a roquet, a croquet, a ricochet, a concussion, or a roquet-croquet.
32. If a ball, in executing the croquet, flinch from under the foot of the player, and strike the turning stake, even at its proper time for tolling it, it does not toll the stake.
33. The turning stake can only be tolled by a ball that has completed the half-round.
34. If a ball, after making the half-round, strike the turning stake by rebound from a bridge, another ball, or any fixed obstacle of the ground, it tolls the stake.12
35. The slightest perceptible touch constitutes a tolling of the stake.
36. A ball may run one or more bridges, and toll the turning stake, or vice versâ, by a single blow of the mallet, by roquet, croquet, ricochet, concussion, or roquet-croquet.
37. A ball having made the grand round, may be struck out against the starting stake, by a direct blow of the mallet, by roquet, croquet, ricochet, concussion, roquet-croquet, or by a flinch from under the foot of the player while executing the croquet.13
38. If a ball, having made the grand round, strike the starting stake by rebound from a bridge, another ball, or any fixed obstacle of the ground, it is struck out of the game.14
39. A ball may run one or more bridges, and be struck out at the same blow.
40. A ball striking, or struck, against the turning stake, at any other time when tolling it, makes no point in the game.
41. A ball striking, or struck, against the starting stake, before completing the grand round, makes no point in the game.
THE ROQUET.
42. A ball can roquet another by a direct blow of the mallet, or proceeding from the mallet by rebound from a bridge, a stake, or other fixed obstacle of the ground.15
43. The slightest perceptible contact, between the two balls, constitutes a roquet.
44. A ball having roque'd another, may strike it again without any intervening play ; but the second contact does not constitute a roquet.
45. If a ball, after roque’ing another, run one or more bridges, or toll the turning stake, it may again make roquet upon the same ball.
46. A ball, that has been roque'd, remains on the spot to which it has rolled, subject to further displacement by croquet.
47. If a ball, in the execution of the croquet, flinch from under the foot of the player and strike another ball, the contact does not constitute a roquet.
THE RICOCHET.
48. Ricochet can be made only by a ball that has, already roque'd or ricoche'd upon another.16
49. The slightest perceptible contact between the playing ball and that played upon, constitutes a ricochet.
50. A ball having ricoche'd upon another, may strike it again without any intervening play ; but the second contact does not constitute a ricochet.
51. If a ball after ricoche'ing upon another, run one or more bridges, or toll the turning stake, it may again make ricochet on the same ball.
52. A rioche'd ball remains on the spot to which it has rolled, subject to further displacement by croquet.
CONCUSSION.
53. A ball displaced by concussion, remains on the spot to which it has rolled, not subject to further displacement by croquet.
THE CROQUET.
54. A ball can only croquet another, on which it has made roquet or ricochet.
55. A ball, having made roquet, may decline the croquet.
56. A ball, having made roquet, and declined the croquet, may continue its play, either from the spot into which it has rolled after the roquet, or from the side of the roque'd ball.17
57. A ball having made ricochet on several ball may croquet all, or any, of them.
58. A series of ricoche'd balls must be croque’d, in the order in which they have been touched.
59. A ball having made ricochet, can decline to croquet all the ricoche’d balls, and continue its tour of play either from the spot into which it has rolled after the ricochet, or from the side of any one of the balls ricoche’d.18
60. A ball having made ricochet, can decline to croquet any of the ricoche'd balls ; and croquet any other, or others, of them.
61. A ball having croque'd a ricoche'd ball, cannot go back to one previously touched in the same ricochet ; but must continue its tour, by playing from the place where it has made the croquet, or else proceed to the ball ricoche'd next in order, croquet this, or play from its side ; or declining this croquet, proceed to the next ; and so on, to the end of the series.19
62. If a ball, after making roquet or ricochet, has been taken up from the ground, it must continue its tour of play, either from the side of the roque'd or ricoche'd ball, by croquet or otherwise.
63. A ball may croquet every other ball in the game - whether friend or enemy - once between the running of every two bridges.
64. A ball may croquet every other ball in the game - whether friend or enemy - once between the running a bridge, and the tolling of the turning stake ; or vice versâ
65. A ball having croque’d another, cannot croquet it a second time, during the same tour of play, without running a bridge, or tolling the turning stake.
66. A croquet is completed when the mallet makes a perceptible – that is, an audible - blow against the croque’ing ball, whether that to be, croque’d stir from its place or not.
67. If the mallet altogether miss the croque’ing ; ball, the croquet is still incomplete, and the blow may be repeated.
68. If a ball roquet another, and at the same blow run a bridge, it may either proceed to croquet the roque'd ball, or decline, and again make roquet upon it, before taking the croquet.
69. If a ball roquet another, and at the same time toll the turning stake, it may either proceed to croquet the roque’d ball, or decline, and again make roquet upon it, before taking the croquet.
THE ROQUET-CROQUET.
70. Roquet-croquet is the peculiar privilege of the Rover ; and may only be executed by a ball that has completed the grand route.20
71. The rover can roquet-croquet all the other balls in the game, - whether friends or enemies, - but only once during the same tour of play.
72. A ball may continue its tour of play, after each successful stroke, or point, made in the game.21
73. Running a bridge entitles to continuance of tour.
74. Tolling the stake entitles continuance of tour.
75. The tour is continued after making a roquet or ricochet.
76. The tour continues after a croquet.
77. After roquet-croquet, the rover continues its tour.
78. The tour terminates, on the failure of the playing-ball to make a successful stroke, or point, in the game.
79. A ball striking another ball, after having roque'd it, and without any intervening play, terminates its tour.22
80. A ball striking another ball, after having ricoche'd upon it, and without any intervening play, terminates its tour.
81. A ball striking another ball, after having croque'd it, and without any intervening play, terminates its tour.
82. A ball failing either to run a bridge, make roquet, or ricochet upon another ball, or toll the turning stake, terminates its tour.
83. Making roquet on a booby terminates the tour.
84. The tour of a booby terminates with a single blow, unless the blow make it a bridged ball.
85. If a ball declining the croquet, and playing from the side of the roque'd ball, displace the latter, the tour of the playing ball terminates.
86. If the rover, in executing the roquet-croquet, does not displace the other ball, the blow terminates its tour.23
87. If the rover has made either roquet, croquet, ricochet, or roquet-croquet, on all the balls in the game, it has only one more stroke, when its tour terminates.
88. If a ball, in executing the croquet, FLINCH from under the foot of the player, its tour terminates.24
89. A ball may decline to take its tour of play, or at any time leave it unfinished25.
90. The commencement of each new tour of play restores a ball to all the privileges of the game.
MAKING DOUBLE POINTS.
91. If a ball run two bridges by a direct blow of the mallet, it call take ground, up to one mallet's length, in any direction from the spot where it has rested.26
92. If a ball run a bridge, by a direct blow of the mallet, and at the same time toll the stake, or vice versâ, it can take ground in any direction, up to one mallet's length.
93. If a ball run three bridges, as above, it can take ground in any direction, up to two lengths of the mallet.
94. If a ball run two bridges as above, and at the same time toll the stake, or vice versâ, it can take ground up to
two lengths of the mallet.27
MISPLAY.
95. If a ball be played out of its proper tour, and challenged before the play of another ball has commenced, the misplayed ball may be returned to its original place, or permitted to remain in that to which it has rolled ; but the option belongs, not to the player of the ball, but to the enemy.
96. If a ball, played out of its proper tour, have gained any advantages for itself, or its friends, or done any injury to the enemy, the latter, duly challenging, may strip the misplaced ball of any or all, of the advantages thus gained, and repair any or all of the damages sustained.28
97. If a ball be played out of its proper tour, and not challenged in due, time, the play will hold good.29
98. A ball played out of its proper tour, may be challenged at any time while in the act of play ; the play stopped, and the forfeit required from it, as prescribed in the preceding rules.
99. If a ball be played out of its proper tour, - whether challenged, and mulcted of the damages, or not, - it loses that tour, and must remain unplayed till the next after.30
100. A ball played, by any other than its proper owner, subjects the player to the same forfeits as for playing out of turn.31
101. A ball played by any other than its proper owner, subjects the player to the loss of one tour of play.32
102. A ball played by any other than its proper owner, does not thereby forfeit its own tour of play.
103. If a ball, after having croque'd another, croquet it again during the same tour, before running a bridge or tolling the stake, it becomes liable to the same forfeits as a ball played out of turn.
104. If a rover take either croquet or roquet-croquet on the same ball, twice during the same tour of play, it becomes liable to the same forfeits as a ball played out of turn, and must terminate its tour whenever challenged.
105. A ball accidentally displaced, either by a back stroke of the mallet or otherwise, may be returned to where it was lying, or left on the spot into which it has rolled ; but the option belongs, not to the player who has caused the accident, but to the enemy. 33
106. If a ball, accidentally displaced, pass through its proper bridges, or strike the turning stake at the proper time for tolling it, the bridge is run, and the stake tolled, - if the enemy so decide.
107. If a ball, in its progress over the ground, be interrupted by any of the players, it may either remain where it has rested after the interruption, or be carried to the most distant part of the arena, in the direction in which it was rolling, at the option of the enemy.
BARRIERS AND BOUNDARIES.
108. A ball driven over the boundary may be brought back into the arena, in the shortest right line from the point where it has been found lying, - and placed twelve inches inside the boundary line.34
109. A ball driven over the boundary should be returned to the arena, and placed, before the play proceed.
110. If a playing ball lie contiguous to a stake, or one of the piers of a bridge, so that it cannot be properly struck by the mallet, a blow given to the stake or rod, driving the ball by concussion, will count as if the ball itself had received the blow.
111. If a ball lying contiguous to a stake, or one of the piers of the bridges, be displaced by the concussion of another ball striking the stake or rod, the displacement remains good ; but the playing ball (if it be one) makes no point in the game, unless the ball displaced may at the same time have been roque’d or ricoche’d.
THE ROVER.
112. The Rover - made so by a direct blow of the mallet, - must continue its play from the spot.
113. The rover- made so otherwise than by a direct blow of the mallet - must continue its play from the place into which it has been rolled.
114. The rover - and it only - may execute the roquet-croquet.35
115. The rover can roquet-croquet the same ball, only once during the same tour of play.
116. The rover may strike the same ball, any number of times during the same tour ; but only the first stroke makes a roquet, giving the right to continue the play.
117. The rover may croquet any ball in the game ; but only once during the same tour.
118. If the rover has croque'd a ball, it cannot roquet-croquet it during the same tour.
119. If the rover has roquet-croque'd a ball, it cannot croquet, it during the same tour.
120. If the rover make a ricochet, it may roquet-croquet all the ricoche'd balls ; but it must proceed from one to the other in the order in which they have been ricoche'd, without any intervening play.
121. If the rover make a ricochet, it may croquet some of the balls and roquet-croquet the others ; but it must proceed in the order in which they have been ricoche'd, without any intervening play.
122. The rover cannot run a bridge, - having run them already in making the grand round. It may pass through a bridge, but this makes no point in the game.
123. The rover cannot toll the turning stake ; having done so already, It may strike against the stake ; but the contact makes no point in the game.
124. The rover may be struck out against the starting stake by a blow of the mallet, by roquet, ricochet, concussion, rebound from a fixed object, recoil from the person of its own player, or that of a friend, by flinch, by croquet, or the roquet-croquet of another rover. When this event occurs, either by chance or design, the rover terminates its existence and is thenceforth a dead ball.
125. A dead ball on being declared dead, is to be instantly taken up, and carried out of the arena.
126. When all the friends of a side have struck out, they can call "Victory."
1 The first chief may resign this right by courtesy, or require the. other chief to lead off, or they may strike again for first play ; but as this often conducts to a re-distribution of the balls, and some consequent confusion, it will be better to adhere to the rule.
2 This is supposing, two sides, and therefore only two chiefs in the game. If there be more the chiefs follow in order of their “strike”, follow in the order of their "strike."
3 The stroke of the mallet is delivered whenever it moves the ball, - no matter how short the distance the latter may have been driven.
Objections are made to pushing the ball, and the "Rules" of the toy-makers are against it ; though in truth it is the absurdly heavy mallet of these same toy-makers that renders pushing a necessity. It is only an advantage to the tyro, or the indifferent player. Except when obstructed by a bridge, stake, or otherwise, an experienced player will no more think of pushing the ball, than a “crack billiard-player would of using the butt end of his cue
4 For the continuance or termination of a tour of play, see “Rules” under this heading.
5 Of course, after running the bridge, both boobies become bridged balls, and subject to the laws for continuance and termination of tour which see. Throughout the “Rules,” a ball, not specified as a booby, is understood to mean a ball that has been bridged.
6 It cannot, croquet from the roquet or ricochet which passed the booby through the bridge: since either must have been made before the booby became a bridged ball, and therefore before it became liable to the croquet.
7 The proper position of a bridge is perpendicular to the plane of the horizon, with its own plane perpendicular to the line of the course. (See Chap. IV.)
8 Should the obstacle struck, however, be the person of one of the players, the run will only hold good at the option of the enemy, - that is the enemy of the player causing the accident.
9 It is often a debatable question as to when a ball is “through” the bridge. By good fortune the question is easily solved, and by the simplest of methods. Place the shank of the mallet against the two piers of the bridge, in front ; and if the ball be not through, even by a hundredth part of an inch, the deficiency will declare itself. If the bridge be obliqued, either the owner of the ball, or the enemy has the right to restore it to the perpendicular.
10 IN either case, the test described in Note 9 will be effectual. If the ball be doubtfully under the arch of the bridge, and in position, the mallet-shank is to be applied in front of the piers ; while, if doubtfully not in position, the shank is to be laid along the reverse side.
11 For running two or more bridges, by a direct blow of the mallet, there are rewards. See Double points.
12 Should the obstacle causing the rebound he the person of one of the players, it is at the option of the enemy of this player whether the tolling may hold good.
13 In this case the enemy, who has the option, decides for the striking out ; since the point is a disadvantage to the unfortunate flincher.
14 As in the case of running a bridge, and tolling the turning stake, should the accident be caused by one of the players, it is the enemy of that player who has the option of deciding.
15 If the rebound be from the person of a player, the enemy can decide against the roquet.
16 The ricochet is simply a double roquet. It may be triple or quadruple, according to the number of balls touched by the playing one.
17 With some, the rule is, if the croquet be declined, to compel continuance from the spot into which the playing ball has rolled after the roquet. Altogether irrational, since the playing ball may place itself contiguous to that roque’d ; sham the croquet by the slightest blow, and then proceed from the coveted place.
18 To deprive it of this privilege, would be equally irrational with the rule referred to in Note 17.
19 A ricochet on more than two balls is a rare fluke ; but the rule is thus extended, in order to meet every possible eventuality.
20 It is given exclusively to that rover, as a compensation for the loss of other privileges, which the latter must abandon on becoming a rover, such as the right to recroquet after running a bridge, or tolling the stake. Also for the risk the rover ball constantly runs, of being struck out.
Roquet-croquet is, moreover, a premium to prowess.
On some croquet-grounds the roquet-croquet, or “taking two turns,” is allowed to every bridged ball ; and there are players who prefer this fashion. A better knowledge of the game will teach such players, that with every ball using the roquet-croquet, the game skilfully played might be prolonged for a lifetime.
21 It must be a point made by the playing ball itself, not by one on which it has played: such as the latter running a bridge by roquet, ricochet, concussion, or otherwise.
22 When the tour is said to terminate, by any of the contingencies mentioned in the “Rules,” it is under the supposition that the playing ball at the same blow, makes no other point that entitles it to continue.
23 In either case, of rules 85 and 86, the slightest displacement will suffice.
24 This termination of tour is absolute ; and no point made by the playing ball after the flinch can be claimed. (See Rules under Roquet, Ricochet, and Running the Bridges.) The only exception to this, is when rover flinches in executing the croquet, and strikes out against the starting stake, an advantage that, under most circumstances, would be cheerfully declined.
25 It would be irrational to deny it this privilege, since, if the play be insisted upon, a slight tap of the mallet will suffice to satisfy the conditions, leaving the ball where the player desires it to lie.
26 If the mallet’s length should enable it to take ground on the reverse side of its next or proper bridge, it does not count as running the bridge, since that can only be done by a blow of the mallet, by roquet, croquet, ricochet, concussion, rebound or croquet-roquet.
27 The rule might be extended ; but a ball is not likely to run more than three bridge at one time, or two with the toiling of the stake.
28 This is done, by returning the misplayed ball to its original position ; by moving any of the enemies that have been “bettered”.
29 The enemy, by not challenging, having forfeited his right to “take the damages”.
30 It does not actually lose .a tour by playing out of it proper time. It has its play all the same subject to the forfeit specified in the Rules
31 Of course, the enemy of the guilty, or mistaken player, is his judge, and has the right to “lay the damages.”
32 The player only loses the play of his (or her) own ball, having already taken a tour on the wrong one.
33 Flukes made by roquet, ricochet, or concussion, are not accidental displacements.
34 There is a Rule directing the ball to be placed on the arena at the point where it rolled off. This is deficient. Why? Who knows where the ball rolled off? Who saw it? Perhaps no on ; since nobody cares to note the course taken by a croqu’ed ball on its journey “up the country.” The shortest right line from the spot where the ball is found to the proximate boundary is perpendicular ; and this will hold good, whether the boundary be a curved or straight line. The restored ball may be placed close to the line, with the privilege of taking twelve inches inside it. In like manner, if there be an obstacle in the arena, a tree, shrub, or even a flower-bed, forming an obstruction to the proper play of a ball, it may be carried twelve inches clear of the obstacle, on either side of it, but not nearer to the bridge or ball intended to be played at. It must be placed before the play proceed.
This last regulation may be regarded as a rule ; but as a correct croquet-ground does not contemplate obstacles of the kind referred to, it is not given among the absolute “edits” of the game
35 Some of the Rules, under the heading of The Rover, have been given elsewhere. They are here partially repeated ; as the privileges of the rover have hitherto so ill-defined, that is desirable they should be thoroughly understood. See Note 18.
Transcribed by Dr Ian Plummer, 2016.
Where possible the punctuation and italicisation has been reproduced, as well as the idiosyncrasies of spelling.
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